Abstract
Exploring the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the energy-economy-environment-society (3E1S) system is crucial for achieving sustainable regional development. This study develops an evaluation index system for the 3E1S system’s CCD, by comprehensively considering the factors of energy transition, high-quality economic development, environmental protection, and social progress from an energy transition perspective. The CCD model is applied to assess the CCD of the 3E1S system across 280 cities and four regions in China from 2005 to 2021. Additionally, spatial correlation analysis elucidates the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the CCD in China’s urban 3E1S system, and its main influencing factors are discussed. The results reveal a consistent upward trend in the CCD of China’s 3E1S system. However, the overall level remains relatively low and displays distinct stage characteristics. The spatial distribution of the CCD is uneven, with lower values in the west, higher values in the east, and better coordination along coastal areas compared to inland regions. The CCD also exhibits a positive spatial correlation. Furthermore, achieving coordinated growth in the 3E1S system requires collaboration among its four subsystems. Notably, per capita GDP, industrial sulfur dioxide emissions, and number of university students per 104 people demonstrate significant regional heterogeneity in their influence on the CCD of the 3E1S system during the energy transition. Overall, this study provides scientific guidance for enhancing urban energy transition effectiveness and promoting high-quality regional development.
Xie, Y.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, T.; Chen, X.; Deng, X.; Gao, Z.; Song, M. 2025. Coupling coordination analysis of the energy–economy–environment–society system from an energy transition perspective. Energy : Elsevier. ISSN 0360-5442. eISSN 1873-6785. 337, 138709, p. 1–13. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.138709. [Scopus; Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science)].