Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid methodology combining the COPRAS and TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approaches with gradient vector field analysis to identify strategic pathways for socio-economic development across BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). By leveraging weighted Positive Ideal Solutions (PIS) and gradient directions, the study evaluates the contribution of 31 socioeconomic criteria to utility maximization at the national level. Weighted PIS contributions reveal the most impactful criteria, such as access to electricity, life expectancy, governance, and GDP growth, highlighting their interconnected roles in driving innovation, infrastructure development, and efficient resource management. For instance, access to electricity fosters industrialization and digital inclusion, which are foundational for technological innovation and socio-economic growth, while effective governance creates the institutional stability necessary to sustain such advancements. Gradient vector fields provide actionable insights into targeted improvement areas for each country, emphasizing key challenges like environmental sustainability, digital inclusion, healthcare access, and governance efficiency. The findings highlight unique challenges for each BRICS nation, offering tailored recommendations to optimize socio-economic utility and bridge developmental gaps. This integrative approach provides an alternative framework for policymakers and researchers to prioritize and address critical criteria, fostering sustainable and inclusive development.
Wanke, P.; Tan, Y.; Baležentis, T. 2026. Strategic pathways for socio-economic development of BRICS countries: a hybrid COPRAS-TOPSIS multi-criteria analysis with gradient vector fields. Annals of operations research : Springer. ISSN 0254-5330. eISSN 1572-9338. p. 1–36. DOI: 10.1007/s10479-025-06932-x. [Scopus; Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science)].